Django-Ajax

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Django-Ajax

什么是Ajax?

以往我们对后端提交数据时，会造成我们的页面刷新或跳转，如何不刷新页面也能更新当前页面的数据呢？这时我们就可以使用Ajax技术来实现。

Ajax这个术语源自描述从基于 Web 的应用到基于数据的应用。Ajax 不是一种新的编程语言，而是一种用于创建更好更快以及交互性更强的Web应用程序的技术。
使用 JavaScript 向服务器提出请求并处理响应而不阻塞用户核心对象XMLHttpRequest。通过这个对象，您的 JavaScript 可在不重载页面的情况与 Web 服务器交换数据，即在不需要刷新页面的情况下，就可以产生局部刷新的效果。

Demo1 发送GET请求

base.html代码样例

{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>OPS System</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/css/bootstrap.css' %}">
    <style>
        .navbar {
            border-radius: 0;
        }
    </style>
    {% block css %}

    {% endblock %}

    {% block js %}

    {% endblock %}
</head>
<body>

<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="navbar-header">
            <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse"
                    data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
                <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            </button>
            <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Manager System</a>
        </div>

        <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                <li><a href="/task/list/">Task</a></li>
            </ul>

            <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
{#                <li><a href="/admin/login/">Login</a></li>#}
                <li class="dropdown">
                    <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true"
                       aria-expanded="false">{{ request.session.info.name }}<span class="caret"></span></a>
                    <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                        <li><a href="#">User info</a></li>
                        <li><a href="#">Manager</a></li>
                        <li><a href="/admin/logout/">Logout</a></li>
                    </ul>
                </li>
            </ul>
        </div>
    </div>
</nav>

{% block content %}

{% endblock %}

<script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.6.0.js' %}"></script>
<script src="{% static 'plugins/bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js' %}"></script>
{% block js_foot %}

{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

task_list.html代码样例

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <h1>task list</h1>
        <h3>ex1</h3>
        <input type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="click" onclick="clickMe();">
    </div>
{% endblock %}
{% block js_foot %}
    <script type="text/javascript">
        function clickMe() {
            $.ajax({
                url: '/task/ajax/',
                type: "get",
                data: {
                    n1: 123,
                    n2: 345,
                },
                success: function (res) {
                    console.log(res);
                }
            })
        }
    </script>
{% endblock %}

views.py代码部分样例

def task_list(request):
    """ task list """
    return render(request,"taks_list.html")

def task_ajax(request):
    return HttpResponse('successsssssss')

urls.py代码部分样例

urlpatterns = [
    # path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('task/list/', views.task_list),
    path('task/ajax/', views.task_ajax),
]

测试Ajax请求

Django-Ajax

Demo2 发送POST请求

demo1示例是一个get请求，在这里我们创建一个post方式，改为post方式后，Django会报一个csrftoken错误，以前我们页面会加上csrftoken，但是ajax默认这里并不会带上csrftoken（可以从header取，方式复杂），所以我们可以加上在视图函数上加上@csrf_exempt来忽略

Django-Ajax

views.py部分代码样例

from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
@csrf_exempt
def task_ajax(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        print(request.GET)
        return HttpResponse('Get successsssssss')
    if request.method == "POST":
        print(request.POST)
        return HttpResponse('Post successsssssss')

task_list.html部分代码样例

{% block js_foot %}
    <script type="text/javascript">
        function clickMe() {
            $.ajax({
                url: '/task/ajax/',
                type: "post",
                data: {
                    n1: 123,
                    n2: 345,
                },
                success: function (res) {
                    console.log(res);
                }
            })
        }
    </script>
{% endblock %}

测试输出

[17/Jul/2022 05:59:32] "POST /task/ajax/ HTTP/1.1" 200 19
<QueryDict: {'n1': ['123'], 'n2': ['345']}>

调整task_list.html使用Jquery绑定事件

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <h1>task list</h1>
        <h3>ex1</h3>
        <input id="btn1" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="click">
    </div>

{% endblock %}
{% block js_foot %}
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            bindBtn1Event();
        })
        function bindBtn1Event() {
            $("#btn1").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/ajax/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: {
                        n1: 123,
                        n2: 345,
                    },
                    success: function (res) {
                        console.log(res);
                    }
                })
            })
        }
    </script>
{% endblock %}

Demo3 前端接收Json对象

views.py部分代码样例

from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
import json
@csrf_exempt
def task_ajax(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        print(request.GET)
        return HttpResponse('Get successsssssss')
    if request.method == "POST":
        print(request.POST)
        data = {
            "path": request.path_info,
            "method": request.method,
        }
        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data))

task_lsit.html部分代码样例

{% block js_foot %}
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            bindBtn1Event();
        })
        function bindBtn1Event() {
            $("#btn1").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/ajax/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: {
                        n1: 123,
                        n2: 345,
                    },
                    dataType: "JSON",
                    success: function (res) {
                        console.log(res);
                    }
                })
            })
        }
    </script>
{% endblock %}

访问测试

Django-Ajax

Deno4 传输Json对象至后端

views.py部分代码样例

from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
import json
@csrf_exempt
def task_ajax(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        print(request.GET)
        return HttpResponse('Get successsssssss')
    if request.method == "POST":
        print(request.POST)
        data = {
            "path": request.path_info,
            "method": request.method,
            "data": request.POST
        }
        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data))

task_list代码样例

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <h1>task list</h1>
        <h3>ex1</h3>
        <input id="btn1" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="click">

        <h3>ex2</h3>
        <input type="text" id="txtName" placeholder="name">
        <input type="text" id="txtAge" placeholder="age">
        <input id="btn2" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="click">
    </div>

{% endblock %}
{% block js_foot %}
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            bindBtn1Event();
            bindBtn2Event();
        })

        function bindBtn1Event() {
            $("#btn2").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/ajax/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: {
                        name: $("#txtName").val(),
                        age: $("#txtAge").val(),
                    },
                    dataType: "JSON",
                    success: function (res) {
                        console.log(res);
                    }
                })
            })
        }
        function bindBtn2Event() {
            $("#btn1").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/ajax/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: {
                        n1: 123,
                        n2: 345,
                    },
                    dataType: "JSON",
                    success: function (res) {
                        console.log(res);
                    }
                })
            })
        }
    </script>
{% endblock %}

测试访问

Django-Ajax

Demo5 使用Jquery serialize方法自动解析表单字段

taks_list.html代码样例

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <h1>task list</h1>
        <h3>ex1</h3>
        <input id="btn1" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="click">

        <h3>ex2</h3>
        <input type="text" id="txtName" placeholder="name">
        <input type="text" id="txtAge" placeholder="age">
        <input id="btn2" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="click">

        <h3>ex3</h3>

        {# 1.form需要定义id  #} 
        {# 2.input框需要定义name属性  #}
        <form id="userinfo">
            <input type="text" name="name" placeholder="name">
            <input type="text" name="age" placeholder="age">
            <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="email">
            <input type="text" name="more" placeholder="more">
            <input id="btn3" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="click">
        </form>
    </div>

{% endblock %}
{% block js_foot %}
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            bindBtn1Event();
            bindBtn2Event();
            bindBtn3Event();
        })

        function bindBtn1Event() {
            $("#btn1").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/ajax/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: {
                        n1: 123,
                        n2: 345,
                    },
                    dataType: "JSON",
                    success: function (res) {
                        console.log(res);
                    }
                })
            })
        }

        function bindBtn2Event() {
            $("#btn2").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/ajax/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: {
                        name: $("#txtName").val(),
                        age: $("#txtAge").val(),
                    },
                    dataType: "JSON",
                    success: function (res) {
                        console.log(res);
                    }
                })
            })
        }

        function bindBtn3Event() {
            $("#btn3").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/ajax/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: $("#userinfo").serialize(),
                    dataType: "JSON",
                    success: function (res) {
                        console.log(res);
                    }
                })
            })
        }
    </script>
{% endblock %}

测试访问

Django-Ajax

Demo6 渲染后端校验错误的信息

task_list.html代码样例

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
    <div class="container">
        <div class="panel panel-default">
            <div class="panel-heading">Task</div>
            <div class="panel-body">
                <form id="taskinfo">
                    {% for field in obj %}
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label>{{ field.label }}</label>
                            {{ field }}
                        <span class="error-msg text-danger"></span>
                        </div>
                    {% endfor %}
                <button id="btn4" type="button" class="btn btn-primary">提交</button>
                </form>

            </div>
        </div>
        <br>
        <h1>task list</h1>
        <h3>ex1</h3>
        <input id="btn1" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="click">

        <h3>ex2</h3>
        <input type="text" id="txtName" placeholder="name">
        <input type="text" id="txtAge" placeholder="age">
        <input id="btn2" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="click">

        <h3>ex3</h3>
        {#        #}
        <form id="userinfo">
            <input type="text" name="name" placeholder="name">
            <input type="text" name="age" placeholder="age">
            <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="email">
            <input type="text" name="more" placeholder="more">
            <input id="btn3" type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="click">
        </form>
    </div>
{% endblock %}
{% block js_foot %}
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            bindBtn1Event();
            bindBtn2Event();
            bindBtn3Event();
            bindBtn4Event();
        })
        function bindBtn1Event() {
            $("#btn1").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/ajax/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: {
                        n1: 123,
                        n2: 345,
                    },
                    dataType: "JSON",
                    success: function (res) {
                        console.log(res);
                    }
                })
            })
        }
        function bindBtn2Event() {
            $("#btn2").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/ajax/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: {
                        name: $("#txtName").val(),
                        age: $("#txtAge").val(),
                    },
                    dataType: "JSON",
                    success: function (res) {
                        console.log(res);
                    }
                })
            })
        }
        function bindBtn3Event() {
            $("#btn3").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/ajax/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: $("#userinfo").serialize(),
                    dataType: "JSON",
                    success: function (res) {
                        console.log(res);
                    }
                })
            })
        }
        function bindBtn4Event() {
            $("#btn4").click(function () {

                {# 每次提交时先清空错误信息，避免错误提示一直存在 #}
                $(".error-msg").empty();
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/task/ajax/',
                    type: "post",
                    data: $("#taskinfo").serialize(),
                    dataType: "JSON",
                    success: function (res) {
                        if (res.status){
                            alert("success");
                        } else {
                            console.log(res);
                            $.each(res.errors, function (name,data) {
                                {# django form表单渲染时会为每个字段设置id,值为id+字段label名#}
                                $("#id_" + name).next().text(data[0]);
                            })
                        }
                    }
                })
            })
        }
    </script>
{% endblock %}

models.py部分代码样例

class Admin(models.Model):
    def __str__(self):
        return self.username
    username = models.CharField(verbose_name="username",max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(verbose_name="password",max_length=64)

class Task(models.Model):
    """ task """
    level_choice = (
        (1, "紧急"),
        (2, "重要"),
        (3, "临时"),
    )
    level = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="级别", choices=level_choice, default=3)
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name="标题", max_length=64)
    detail = models.TextField(verbose_name="详细信息")
    user = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="负责人",to="Admin",on_delete=models.CASCADE)

views.py部分代码样例

import json

from django.forms.utils import ErrorDict
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt

from app01.models import Task

@csrf_exempt
def task_ajax(request):
    """ task ajax """
    if request.method == "GET":
        print(request.GET)
        return HttpResponse('Get successsssssss')
    if request.method == "POST":
        print(request.POST)
        # data = {
        #     "path": request.path_info,
        #     "method": request.method,
        #     "data": request.POST
        # }
        form = TaskModelForm(data=request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            data = {"status": True,}
            return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data))
        # print(form.errors.as_json())
        data = {"status": False, "errors": form.errors}
        return HttpResponse(json.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False))

def task_list(request):
    """ task list """
    form = TaskModelForm()
    context = {'obj': form}
    return render(request, "task_list.html", context)

测试访问

Django-Ajax

正文完
django
发表至： Python 代码编程
2022-07-17
 2
xadocker
版权声明：本站原创文章，由 xadocker 2022-07-17发表，共计10286字。
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